Chandigarh /ˈtʃɑːndɨɡər/
may be a town and union territory in India that is the capital of 2 states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh interprets as "The Fort of Chandi". The name comes from an ancient temple referred to as Chandi Mandir, dedicated to the Hindu goddess Chandi, within the town. it's conjointly observed because the town lovely because of its lovely surroundings, central grid of gardens, every to dedicated to totally different species of flora.
The town of Chandigarh was the primary planned city in India and is thought internationally for its design and concrete style. the town has comes designed by architects like Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew, and Maxwell Fry. the town tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the very best per capita income within the country at Rs.99,262 at current costs and Rs.70,361 at constant costs (2006–2007). the town was reported in 2010 to be the "cleanest" in India, based mostly on a national government study, {and the|and therefore the|and conjointly the} territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories per analysis conducted using 2005 information by Human Development Index.
After the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947, the previous British province of Punjab was conjointly split between India and Pakistan. The Indian state of Punjab needed a brand new capital town to exchange Lahore, that became a part of Pakistan throughout the partition.[9] when many plans to create additions to existing cities were found to be unfeasible for varied reasons, the choice to construct a brand new and planned town was undertaken. Of all the new city schemes in freelance India, the Chandigarh project quickly assumed prime significance, owing to the city's strategic location in addition because the personal interest of Jawaharlal Nehru, the primary Prime Minister of freelance India. Commissioned by Nehru to replicate the new nation's fashionable, progressive outlook, Chandigarh was designed by the French (born Swiss) architect and concrete planner, Le Corbusier, within the Nineteen Fifties. Le Corbusier was if truth be told the second architect of the town, when the initial master arrange was ready by the yankee architect-planner Albert Mayer (planner) who was operating with the Polish-born architect Matthew Nowicki.[citation needed]
On one November 1966, the newly fashioned Indian state of Haryana was carved out of the japanese portion of the Punjab, so as to make Haryana as a majority Hindi-speaking state (with a Hindu majority), whereas the western portion of Punjab retained a principally Punjabi language-speaking majority (with a Sikh majority) and remained because the current day federated state of Punjab. However, the town of Chandigarh was on the border, and was therefore created into a union territory to function capital of each these states.[10]
Recently, political teams like the Akali Dal have argued that Chandigarh ought to become solely the capital of Punjab.
Geography and climate
Sukhna Lake
Chandigarh is found close to the foothills of the Shivalik vary of the Himalayas in northwest India. It covers a locality of roughly forty four.5 sq mi or 114 km². and shares its borders with the states of Haryana and Punjab. the precise cartographic co-ordinates of Chandigarh are thirty.74°N 76.79°E.[11] it's a median elevation of 321 metres (1053 ft).
Chandigarh
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: World Weather info Service
[show]Imperial conversion
The surrounding districts are of Panchkula and Ambala in Haryana and Mohali, Patiala and Roopnagar in Punjab. The boundary of the state of Himachal Pradesh is additionally minutes aloof from its north border.
Chandigarh encompasses a humid subtropical climate characterized by a seasonal rhythm: very popular summers, gentle winters, unreliable rainfall and nice variation in temperature (-1 °C to forty one.2 °C). In winter, items of snow generally happens throughout December and January. the typical annual rainfall is 1110.7 mm. the town conjointly receives occasional winter rains from the west.
Average temperature
Spring: The climate remains the foremost enjoyable a part of the year throughout the spring season (from mid-February to mid-April). Temperatures vary between (max) sixteen °C to twenty five °C and (min) nine °C to eighteen °C.
Autumn: In autumn (from Mid-September to mid November.), the temperature might rise to a most of thirty six °C. Temperatures sometimes stay between 16° to 27° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around eleven °C.
Summer: The temperature in summer (from Mid-May to Mid-June) might rise to a most of forty five °C (rarely). Temperatures usually stay between thirty five °C to forty °C (94 - 101F).
Monsoon: throughout monsoon(from mid-June to mid-September), Chandigarh receives moderate to serious rainfall and generally serious to terribly serious rainfall (generally throughout the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/ south-east. Mostly, the town receives serious rain from south (which is principally a persistent rain) however it usually receives most of its rain throughout monsoon either from North-west or North-east. most quantity of rain received by the town of Chandigrah throughout monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a very single day.
Winter: Winters (November to Mid-March) are gentle however it will generally get quite chilly in Chandigarh. Average temperatures within the winter stay at (max) seven °C to fifteen °C and (min) 0°C to eight °C. Rain sometimes comes from the west throughout winters and it's sometimes a persistent rain for 2–3 days with generally hail-storms.
Environment
Most of Chandigarh is roofed by dense Banyan and Eucalyptus plantations. Asoka, Cassia, Mulberry and different trees flourish within the forested ecosystem.The city has forests surrounding it that sustain several animal and plant species. Deers, Sambars, Barking Deers, Parrots, Woodpeckers and Peacocks inhabit the protected forests. Sukhna Lake hosts a range of ducks and geese, and attracts migratory birds from components of Siberia and Japan within the winter season.
A parrot sanctuary located within the town is home to a range of bird species.
may be a town and union territory in India that is the capital of 2 states, Haryana and Punjab. The name Chandigarh interprets as "The Fort of Chandi". The name comes from an ancient temple referred to as Chandi Mandir, dedicated to the Hindu goddess Chandi, within the town. it's conjointly observed because the town lovely because of its lovely surroundings, central grid of gardens, every to dedicated to totally different species of flora.
The town of Chandigarh was the primary planned city in India and is thought internationally for its design and concrete style. the town has comes designed by architects like Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Jane Drew, and Maxwell Fry. the town tops the list of Indian States and Union Territories with the very best per capita income within the country at Rs.99,262 at current costs and Rs.70,361 at constant costs (2006–2007). the town was reported in 2010 to be the "cleanest" in India, based mostly on a national government study, {and the|and therefore the|and conjointly the} territory also headed the list of Indian states and territories per analysis conducted using 2005 information by Human Development Index.
After the partition of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947, the previous British province of Punjab was conjointly split between India and Pakistan. The Indian state of Punjab needed a brand new capital town to exchange Lahore, that became a part of Pakistan throughout the partition.[9] when many plans to create additions to existing cities were found to be unfeasible for varied reasons, the choice to construct a brand new and planned town was undertaken. Of all the new city schemes in freelance India, the Chandigarh project quickly assumed prime significance, owing to the city's strategic location in addition because the personal interest of Jawaharlal Nehru, the primary Prime Minister of freelance India. Commissioned by Nehru to replicate the new nation's fashionable, progressive outlook, Chandigarh was designed by the French (born Swiss) architect and concrete planner, Le Corbusier, within the Nineteen Fifties. Le Corbusier was if truth be told the second architect of the town, when the initial master arrange was ready by the yankee architect-planner Albert Mayer (planner) who was operating with the Polish-born architect Matthew Nowicki.[citation needed]
On one November 1966, the newly fashioned Indian state of Haryana was carved out of the japanese portion of the Punjab, so as to make Haryana as a majority Hindi-speaking state (with a Hindu majority), whereas the western portion of Punjab retained a principally Punjabi language-speaking majority (with a Sikh majority) and remained because the current day federated state of Punjab. However, the town of Chandigarh was on the border, and was therefore created into a union territory to function capital of each these states.[10]
Recently, political teams like the Akali Dal have argued that Chandigarh ought to become solely the capital of Punjab.
Geography and climate
Sukhna Lake
Chandigarh is found close to the foothills of the Shivalik vary of the Himalayas in northwest India. It covers a locality of roughly forty four.5 sq mi or 114 km². and shares its borders with the states of Haryana and Punjab. the precise cartographic co-ordinates of Chandigarh are thirty.74°N 76.79°E.[11] it's a median elevation of 321 metres (1053 ft).
Chandigarh
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: World Weather info Service
[show]Imperial conversion
The surrounding districts are of Panchkula and Ambala in Haryana and Mohali, Patiala and Roopnagar in Punjab. The boundary of the state of Himachal Pradesh is additionally minutes aloof from its north border.
Chandigarh encompasses a humid subtropical climate characterized by a seasonal rhythm: very popular summers, gentle winters, unreliable rainfall and nice variation in temperature (-1 °C to forty one.2 °C). In winter, items of snow generally happens throughout December and January. the typical annual rainfall is 1110.7 mm. the town conjointly receives occasional winter rains from the west.
Average temperature
Spring: The climate remains the foremost enjoyable a part of the year throughout the spring season (from mid-February to mid-April). Temperatures vary between (max) sixteen °C to twenty five °C and (min) nine °C to eighteen °C.
Autumn: In autumn (from Mid-September to mid November.), the temperature might rise to a most of thirty six °C. Temperatures sometimes stay between 16° to 27° in autumn. The minimum temperature is around eleven °C.
Summer: The temperature in summer (from Mid-May to Mid-June) might rise to a most of forty five °C (rarely). Temperatures usually stay between thirty five °C to forty °C (94 - 101F).
Monsoon: throughout monsoon(from mid-June to mid-September), Chandigarh receives moderate to serious rainfall and generally serious to terribly serious rainfall (generally throughout the month of August or September). Usually, the rain bearing monsoon winds blow from south-west/ south-east. Mostly, the town receives serious rain from south (which is principally a persistent rain) however it usually receives most of its rain throughout monsoon either from North-west or North-east. most quantity of rain received by the town of Chandigrah throughout monsoon season is 195.5 mm in a very single day.
Winter: Winters (November to Mid-March) are gentle however it will generally get quite chilly in Chandigarh. Average temperatures within the winter stay at (max) seven °C to fifteen °C and (min) 0°C to eight °C. Rain sometimes comes from the west throughout winters and it's sometimes a persistent rain for 2–3 days with generally hail-storms.
Environment
Most of Chandigarh is roofed by dense Banyan and Eucalyptus plantations. Asoka, Cassia, Mulberry and different trees flourish within the forested ecosystem.The city has forests surrounding it that sustain several animal and plant species. Deers, Sambars, Barking Deers, Parrots, Woodpeckers and Peacocks inhabit the protected forests. Sukhna Lake hosts a range of ducks and geese, and attracts migratory birds from components of Siberia and Japan within the winter season.
A parrot sanctuary located within the town is home to a range of bird species.
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